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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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1990-09-22
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VIDEO, Page 88Mock Crisis, Real PlayersTed Koppel gets officials to act out a U.S.-Soviet confrontationBy Bruce Van Voorst
Soviet officials are already meeting in Moscow on a deepening
crisis in Afghanistan as, 5,000 miles away in Washington, members
of an American task force are rushed by police escort to the Old
Executive Office Building. The U.S. President and Vice President
have been disabled by a poison-gas attack. The Americans receive
an intelligence briefing suggesting that maverick Soviet agents,
seeking to undermine Mikhail Gorbachev and his international peace
offensive, may have been behind the assassination attempt.
The year is 1991, and the scene is the beginning of a "crisis
game" depicting what might happen in a superpower confrontation.
Conceived, produced and anchored by Nightline's Ted Koppel, the
one-hour program, The Koppel Report: The Blue X Conspiracy, will
be broadcast by ABC on Thursday (Dec. 7) at 10 p.m. (EST). It is
the first time that such a televised exercise has featured actual
U.S. and Soviet foreign policy and military officials playing the
roles of government figures. "I've played simulations against `red'
teams all my professional life," says retired Army Chief of Staff
Edward Meyer, who acts as Deputy Secretary of Defense. "This was
the first time the red team was made up of real reds -- Russians
who think and act like Russians."
The show was taped in simultaneous sessions in Washington and
Moscow. The participants responded to developments concocted by
"control teams" behind the scenes. Koppel headed the team in
Washington, and TIME editor at large Strobe Talbott supervised the
Soviet operation at the headquarters of the State Committee for
Television and Radio in Moscow. Koppel and Talbott kept in constant
touch over an open telephone line. They were assisted by experts
who helped improvise minicrises as the scenario unfolded,
translated "hot-line" messages that flashed back and forth between
the capitals by fax, and doubled as supporting actors when the
stars demanded an on-camera briefing.
Reassuringly, the more dangerous and uncertain the game becomes
on The Blue X Conspiracy, the more cautious the players turn on
both sides. When word reaches the Soviets that the Afghan mujahedin
rebels, backed by the U.S., have attacked the key Afghan air base
at Bagram with chemical weapons, Georgi Korniyenko, a retired
Deputy Foreign Minister and longtime aide to Andrei Gromyko, warns
his colleagues not to "jump to the conclusion that this step was
sanctioned by the highest leadership of the U.S. Administration."
The American policymakers show similar restraint when the
controllers try to unnerve them by having a U.S. KC-135 tanker
aircraft stray into Soviet airspace and a U.S. destroyer
accidentally ram a Soviet submarine. In the role of Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff is Admiral William Crowe Jr., who in reality
stepped down from that position only the day before the taping.
"These things happen," he says.
The Blue X Conspiracy contains reminders of how the current
climate of U.S.-Soviet relations affects decision making, whether
in a mock crisis or a real one. Such a game would probably not have
been played in the depths of the cold war, but if it had, there
would probably have been considerably more saber rattling, perhaps
even nuclear warnings. In the Gorbachev era, both sides go out of
their way to avoid escalation. The Soviets cancel strategic
exercises because they might be misunderstood. In the investigation
of the poison-gas attack in Washington, Georgi Arbatov, the
director of the Institute of U.S.A. and Canada Studies, who plays
a national security adviser to the Kremlin, orders the KGB to work
directly with the CIA.
The show also illustrates the way leaders must expect the
unexpected and not always believe what they hear. The Soviet side
is distressed as Washington gets mired in the constitutional
procedures for authorizing the next in line -- the Speaker of the
House -- to act as President. Later, the American team is incensed
by an intelligence report, which proves to be erroneous, that the
Afghan army has fired Soviet missiles armed with chemical warheads
into mujahedin refugee camps in Pakistan.
Even in the tensest moments, both sides are sensitive to how
the world views the confrontation. Congressman Les Aspin, chairman
of the House Armed Services Committee, who plays the White House
chief of staff, leaves at one point to hold a press conference. On
the Moscow end, Yevgeni Velikhov, vice president of the Academy of
Sciences, reminds his comrades that they need to keep the Supreme
Soviet, or parliament, informed of developments.
Velikhov and Arbatov are, in fact, both advisers to Gorbachev.
They came to the TV set straight from a stormy government meeting
and brought with them a sense of reality that put The Blue X
Conspiracy in perspective. While waiting for a reply to a hot-line
message to Washington, the Soviet team agreed that, however complex
and serious, the problems in the simulation paled compared with
those Gorbachev faces in the real world.
-- Ann Blackman/Moscow